Journal: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

Article Title: Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Alleviate Secondary Damage in the Substantia Nigra After Focal Cerebral Infarction in Rats

doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00338

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of BMSCs treatment on the number of TH, NeuN, and GFAP positive cells in SN, and DA and its metabolites in striatum at 4 weeks after dMCAO. (A) Representative microphotographs of immunohistochemistry for TH (II,VI,X) , NeuN (III,VII,XI) , and GFAP (IV,VIII,XII) in SN. The pictures on the right are magnified from the square area on the left. Scale bar: I, V, IX, 250 μm; II–IV, VI–VIII, X–XII, 50 μm. (B) Quantitative analyses of TH, NeuN, GFAP-positive cells in the SNc at 1 and 4 weeks after dMCAO. Transplantation of BMSCs increased the numbers of TH + [ F (2, 60) = 31.51, p < 0.01] and NeuN + cells [ F (2, 78) = 17.20, p < 0.01], and decreased the number of GFAP + cells [ F (2, 78) = 1848.10, p < 0.01] in the ipsilateral SNc after dMCAO. Each bar represents the mean ± S.D. * p < 0.05 vs. sham-operated group, # p < 0.05 vs. contralateral groups at the same time point and & p < 0.05 vs. ipsilateral vehicle groups ( n = 6 in each group). (C) The DA (I) , DOPAC (II) , and HVA (III) concentrations in striata at 1 and 4 weeks after dMCAO with or without BMSCs transplantation. Transplantation with BMSCs increased the concentration of DA [ F (2, 8) = 6.33, p < 0.05] in the ipsilateral striatum after dMCAO, maintained the concentration of DOPAC [ F (2, 11) = 0.53, p > 0.05] and HVA [ F (2, 11) = 0.67, p > 0.05] in the ipsilateral striatum after dMCAO. Each bar represents the mean ± SD * p < 0.05 vs. sham-operated group and # p < 0.05 vs. contralateral groups at the same time point and & p < 0.05 vs. ipsilateral vehicle groups ( n = 4 in each group). SN, substantia nigra; SNc, substantia nigra compact part; TH, tyrosine hydroxylase; NeuN, neuron-specific nuclear-binding protein; GFAP, Glial fibrillary acidic protein; Sham, sham-operated; BMSCs, bone marrow stromal cells; DA, dopamine; DOPAC, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; HVA, homovanillic acid; con, contralateral; ip, ipsilateral; w, week; dMCAO, distal middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Article Snippet: Over the past two decades, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) based neurorepair has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke.

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry, Transplantation Assay, Concentration Assay, Binding Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

Article Title: Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Alleviate Secondary Damage in the Substantia Nigra After Focal Cerebral Infarction in Rats

doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00338

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cortico-striatum-nigral tract retrograde tracing with PRV-152. (A) PRV-152 was injected into the ipsilateral SNr. Regions of interest (ROI) of PRV-152 positive cell counting were shown. Dark shaded area represents ischemic region after dMCAO; lighter shaded area represents ROI. (B) Schematic illustration of the fluorescent signal of PRV-152 in sham-operated and dMCAO groups with or without BMSCs transplantation after PRV-152 was injected into the ipsilateral SNr. (C) Representative photographs of fluorescent double staining of PRV-152 (green) and DAPI (blue) in the ipsilateral cortex (I–IV) , striatum (V–VIII) and SNr (IX-XII) at 4 days after PRV-152 injection in sham-operated group. (D) Representative photographs of fluorescent double staining of PRV-152 (green) and DAPI (blue) in the ipsilateral cortex (I–IV) , striatum (V–VIII) , and SNr (IX–XII) at 4 weeks after PRV-152 injection in vehicle group. (E) Representative photographs of fluorescent double staining of PRV-152 (green) and DAPI (blue) in the ipsilateral cortex (I–IV) , striatum (V–VIII) and SNr (IX–XII) at 4 weeks after PRV-152 injection in BMSCs group. Scale bar, 50 μm. (F) Quantitative analyses of PRV-152 + cell number in the ipsilateral cortex, striatum and SNr after dMCAO. Transplantation with BMSCs increased PRV-152 + cells in the ipsilateral cortex [ F (2, 19) = 9.85, p < 0.01], striatum [ F (2, 41) = 10.67, p < 0.01] and SNr [ F (2, 19) = 6.05, p < 0.01] after dMCAO. Each bar represents the mean ± SD * p < 0.05 vs. sham-operated group and # p < 0.05 vs. vehicle group ( n = 7 in each group). SNr, substantia nigra pars reticulata; Cor, cortex; Str, striatum; PRV, pseudorabies virus; Sham, sham-operated; w, week; dMCAO, distal middle cerebral artery occlusion; BMSCs, bone marrow stromal cells; DAPI, 4’, 6- diamidino-2-phenylindole.

Article Snippet: Over the past two decades, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) based neurorepair has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke.

Techniques: Retrograde Tracing, Injection, Cell Counting, Transplantation Assay, Double Staining, Virus

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Modeling human natural killer cell development and drug response in a microfluidic bone marrow model

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1499397

Figure Lengend Snippet: Setup of the NK cell bone marrow model in the HUMIMIC Chip2. (A) Exploded view of the HUMIMIC Chip2 showing the three structural layers: the polycarbonate adapter plate housing the culture compartments, the PDMS layer housing the microfluidic circulation, and the bottom glass layer closing the circulation and allowing microscopic observation. (B) 2D view of the HUMIMIC Chip2 microfluidics: the outer compartment houses the bone marrow model; the inner compartment is used as a medium compartment and as a sampling point for hematopoietic cells. (C) Progenitor populations until Stage 2B of NK cell development in CD34+ starting cell pool from three donors on day 0. (D) Exemplary microscopic images of a medium compartment on day 7 with 35% confluency and on day 21 with 100% confluency, scale is 1mm. (E) Time schedule of the NK differentiation assay in the Chip2 system with weekly sampling points for FC analysis and media exchanges every 2–3 days. (F) Used surface marker to distinguish NK cell maturation stages adapted from Abel et al. , Cichoki et al. and Bi et al. . NK development goes through a stepwise differentiation starting from hematopoietic stem cells to CLP, NK cell precursors (NKP), and immature NK cells (iNK) toward mature NK cells (mNK).

Article Snippet: Cryopreserved human bone marrow stromal cells (Stemcell Technologies, Vancouver, BC, Canada) were thawed and cultured in MSC medium consisting of DMEM + 10% FCS + 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Corning, Corning, NY, USA).

Techniques: Sampling, Differentiation Assay, Marker

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Modeling human natural killer cell development and drug response in a microfluidic bone marrow model

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1499397

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of lineage differentiation in the bone marrow model. (A) Sampled cell counts of circuits over time from the circulation and harvested cell counts form the ceramic scaffold at the end of the experiment. Mean values ± SD of individual cell populations are shown as stacked bar graphs from three CD34+ donors with two chips (N = 3, n = 2). (B) Gating strategy for analysis of dendritic cells in the hematopoietic cell pool sampled on day 35 of chip culture. (C) Percentage of NK cells, granulocytes, monocyte, inflammatory DCs, myeloid/conventional DC1 and myeloid/conventional DC2 sampled at the end of the assay on day 35. Mean values ± SD of individual cell populations from three CD34+ donors (N = 3, n = 1) are shown. (D) Proliferation rate of stage 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 NK cells in circulation on day 28 and day 35 of the assay. Mean values ± s.e.m of individual cell populations from one CD34+ donors with six chips (N = 1, n = 6) are shown. (E) Sampled cell counts of the lymphoid/NK cell lineage from the circulation over time. Mean values ± SD of individual cell populations from three experiments with in total four CD34+ donors with two to three chips (N = 4, n = 2–3) are shown.

Article Snippet: Cryopreserved human bone marrow stromal cells (Stemcell Technologies, Vancouver, BC, Canada) were thawed and cultured in MSC medium consisting of DMEM + 10% FCS + 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Corning, Corning, NY, USA).

Techniques: